There are a lot of explanations on the Internet.
From the user’s point of view:
“Smart battery charger is a device that can charge a battery efficiently and intelligently,it can automatically adjust its charging rate.”
“The smart charger will be able to detect the battery’s resistance or voltage.The battery is read by the charger before it is charged.”
“It can communicate with a smart battery pack’s battery management system to control and monitor the charging process,such as CAN BUS or RS485.”
“The three main smart battery chargers are three-stage,four-stage,and five-stage chargers”
“It only starts to work when the battery voltage is in right range and protect my Lead Acid batteries by shut-off automatically after fully charged”
“The charger should detect my battery’s temperature, then reduce output wattage correspondingly or stop charging.”
“It can restart after my golf cart have sat in warehouse for 2 weeks to prevent sulfuration. “
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From the manufacturer’s point of view:
There is an IC board in the charger,then the charging process will be controlled by the software,not the hardware.
The solfware engineer will design programs according to the required functions.